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Photo Voltaic panels create free of charge electrical power from the sun by converting sunlight to electrical power with no shifting parts, zero emissions, and no maintenance. The solar panel, the very first element of a Photo Voltaic Electrical Power System, is a collection of specific silicon cells that generate electricity from sunlight. The photons (light particles) generate an electrical existing as they strike the surface area of the skinny silicon wafers. A solitary solar cell makes only about 1/2 (.5) of a volt. However, a normal 12 volt panel about 25 inches by 54 inches will contain 36 cells wired in collection to generate about 17 volts peak output. If the photo voltaic panel can be configured for 24 volt output, there will be 72 cells so the two 12 volt groups of 36 every single can be wired in series, generally with a jumper, permitting the solar panel to output 24 volts. When under load (charging batteries for example), this voltage drops to 12 to 14 volts (for a 12 volt configuration) resulting in 75 to 100 watts for a panel of this size.

Multiple solar panels can be wired in parallel to improve current capacity (more power) and wired in series to enhance voltage for 24, 48, or even increased voltage systems. The benefit of employing a higher voltage output at the solar panels is that scaled-down wire dimensions can be utilized to transfer the electrical energy from the solar panel array to the cost controller & batteries.

Monocrystalline photo voltaic panels: The most efficient and pricey solar panels are produced with Monocrystalline cells. These solar cells use very pure silicon and include a challenging crystal progress process. Lengthy silicon rods are created which are lower into slices of .2 to .4 mm thick discs or wafers which are then processed into individual cells that are wired collectively in the photo voltaic panel.

Polycrystalline solar panels: Frequently referred to as Multi-crystalline, photo voltaic panels manufactured with Polycrystalline cells are a tiny significantly less pricey & slightly a lot less successful than Monocrystalline cells due to the fact the cells are not grown in one crystals but in a big block of a lot of crystals. This is what provides them that striking shattered glass appearance. Like Monocrystalline cells, they are also then sliced into wafers to create the specific cells that make up the solar panel.